In the medieval Arabic and Islamic medical tradition, physicians paid particular attention to the medical needs of children, and wrote profusely on the subject of paediatrics.
Doctors working in the medieval Islamicate world engaged critically with the material concerning ophthalmology that was inherited from Graeco-Roman antiquity.
Historians traditionally have divided the occurrence of the bubonic plague (Yersinia Pestis) into three pandemics that date roughly to 541–750, 1347–1722, and 1894–present.